小麦早熟良种龙溪35的选育及早熟育种的探讨
THE BREEDING OF THE NEW WHEAT VARIETY LX——35 AND AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE METHOD OF BREEDING EARLY CROPPING WHEAT
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摘要: 采用早熟、半矮秆、株型紧凑的波塔姆(Potam S70)与晚中熟、高秆、大穗型的文革一号杂交,选育成早熟、中秆、丰产、抗秆锈病的新品种龙溪35。该品种在漳州全生育期125~130天,株高90厘米左右,每穗结实30~35粒,千粒重45克左右,亩产200~250公斤,高产田400公斤以上。抗杆锈病,轻感叶锈病、白粉病。整齐度好,灌浆性能强,成熟时茎秆落黄好,籽粒饱满,蛋白质含量14.13%,赖氨酸含量为0.35%。龙溪35在1978年至1980年连续三年参加福建省小麦品种联合区域试验,三年34点次累计平均亩产208.8公斤,比对照种晋麦52增产9%,名列第一。1980年冬至1987年春,在闽、粤、陕、蒙等省(区),累计推广面积500多万亩。获得了较大的增产效果与社会经济效益。研究表明,根据漳州的气候条件,小麦育种目标必须突出“早熟”,才能达到丰产。小麦良种龙溪35的育成,说明利用器官发育不平衡的规律,可以通过用不同熟期亲本杂交,并对杂种后代进行培育、选择,把早熟性和丰产性结合在一起,选出既早熟又丰产的新品种。Abstract: In 1973, the wheat variety Potam S-70, characterized by early cropping, dwarf stem and compact build, and the wheat variety WG-1, characterized by late cropping, high stem and heavy car, were crossed. Through conventional breeding, the new wheat variety LX-35 was obtained. LX-35 showed the following significant characteristics : early cropping, mediumheighted stem, high yielding and strong resistance to stem -rust. Its growth period was 125-130 days. The average height was 90 cm. One mu of land yielded an average of 200-250 kg and possibly 400 kg or more. Each ear contains 30-35 grains. Every thousand grains weighed 45 g. It was slightly susceptible to leaf-rust and powdery mildew. Ears were uniform in height and had strong milking capacity. The new variety presented golden stems and plump grains when ripe. Grains contained 14.13% protain and 0.35% lysine.In 1978-80, joint regional tests were made on Fujian’s varieties of wheat, including LX-35. 34 region-replications carried out in the 3 years showed that LX-35 had an average yield of 208.8 kg, 9% higher than CK, ranking first in all the varieties tested. In the planting seasons of 1980-87, LX-35 was released to many regions in Fujian, Guangdong, Shansi and Inner Mongolia, with a total area of more than five million mu, gaining significant econimic benefit.Considering the climatic Condition in zhangzhou region, the main objective of wheat breeding is to breed early cropping varieties in order to ensure bumper harvests. The work on the breeding of LX-35 proved that following the law of non-balance in development between plant organs, one may "obtain an excellent new variety by combining the character of early cropping of one cultivar with the character of productivity of another through crossing and selection.
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