水稻耐低钾品种(系)鉴定筛选及其吸钾特性的研究
STUDIES ON THE SCREENING OF LOW K——TOLERANT RICE SPECIES (VARIETIES) AND THEIR K——ABSORBING CHARACTERISTICS
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摘要: 以水稻品种对土壤缺钾症状的反应、对钾肥的敏感性以及对低钾环境适应性能力划分不同等级(五级标准),在室内或田间缺钾条件下评定水稻品种耐低钾水平。通过439份水稻品系鉴定,筛选出34份耐性较强的品种,部份品种在缺钾田(土壤速效钾平均65ppm)上试种,在不施钾或少施钾条件下,比一般当地品种增产10%~15%。经土培和水培研究表明,在低钾环境中,耐性品种比感受品种多吸收钾29%以上,运转到谷粒中钾多10%,钾的有效利用率多7%,耐性品种对钾的利用临界浓度低,吸收利用缓效性钾强,这与品种根系生长的质和量密切相关。尤其后期生长,根系活力强,植株正常生长不早衰。这是耐低钾品种的良好特性。Abstract: Rice varieties were scored in five grades through the determination of their symptom responsibility to K-deficient rice plants sensitivity to K fertilizer application and suitability to low K environments under greenhouse or field conditions to identify their resistance to low K environments. Of the 439 rice varieties identified, 34 possessed strong tolerance for low K environments. Some of them were provided for K-deficient plot trails (the average available K : 65 ppm). Under the condition of no or little K fertilizer application, these varieties increased the grain yield by 10-15% more than the conventional rice varieties.The results of soil and solution cultivation showed that in low K environments tolerant varieties took up 29% K than sensitive varieties; the K amount transferred to grains was increased about 10%) and K efficiency was increased 7 %. The low critical K concentrations absorpted by tolerant varieties was lower then sensitive varieties,so it increased their efficiemcy ustillization of soils slow available K, possfsion of this characteris-tics was closely related to the quality and quantity of their root developemnt. Especially, the low K-tolerant varieties showed the excellent characteristics of strong vitality of root systems and normal growth of plants without early declining in the late growth period.
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