龙眼鬼帚病的研究Ⅰ病史、病状、分布与为害
STUDIES ON LONGAN WITCHES’ BROOM DISEASE I.THE HISTORY OF THE DISEASE AND ITS SYMPTOMS,DISTRIBUTION AND DAMAGE
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摘要: 龙眼是福建的特产水果,产量居全国之首。福建龙眼感染鬼帚病的历史很久。1941年首次报道此病。40~50年代,本病在果区发生,引起不同程度为害。70年代以来,迅速传播,成为福建龙眼生产面临的主要问题之一。龙眼鬼帚病以幼叶不伸展、卷缩似月牙形,枝梢丛生呈扫帚状,花穗紧缩成团等为主要特征。不同梢期的发病数量差别很大,以春梢盛长期出现的病枝、病叶最多。1984~1985年调查了福建17个县(市)龙眼产区,发现本病发生普遍,为害日益严重,一般减产1~2成,重达5成以上。应加强本病的传病途径和防治技术的研究。Abstract: In Fujian, longan is an important fruit and its production is much higher than any other province in China. However, in recent years, longan has seriously suffered the witches’ broom disease.The disease showes various symptoms on different organs. The most typical symptoms are that young leaves on the infected shool become smaller and roll upwards, like a cresent moon; shoots develop with shortened internodes; overgrowing branches clump, like a broom; flower clusters appear because they are closely aggregated.During 1984~85, the investigation indicated that the disease had been widely spreading in 17 counties/cities in Fujian. In some regions, the disease has become severe and the yield of infected trees in 10~20% lower than healthy ones, and sometimes over 50% lower when the trees are infected seriously. The disease has been such an urgent problem that fruit growers request the authorities concerned to solve it as soon as possible.The disease is transmitting and spreading rapidly in Fujian since it is closely related with infected seedlings,its insect vectors and susceptibility of varieties. It is suggested that the plant quarantine be executed, disease-free seedlings be planted in the new orchard and the insect vectors be eliminated without delay.
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